Chuck Sproule, a fitness trainer, had teeth that were worn down from years of grinding. One day when Sproule was in the gym weight lifting, Dr Makkar asked him to simply place a pen between his upper and lower teeth while doing a set of bench presses. With the pen in his mouth Sproule was able to increase the number of repetitions he was able to do each set. The pen brought his jaw down and forward to a better position, relaxing his facial muscles and freeing him to use muscles throughout his body more effectively. Sproule quickly realized the benefit to having his jaw in its optimum position and this discovery led to Sproule and Dr Makkar to apply this technology to a variety of other sports.